Design and Implementation of Hybrid Access Control System

Abstract

This research introduces the design and implementation of a hybrid access control system that integrates multiple authentication techniques to enhance both security and user convenience. The system utilizes an ESP32 microcontroller in conjunction with a fingerprint sensor, keypad, and WiFi connectivity to enable a robust and scalable solution for secure entry. It employs a multi-factor authentication (MFA) approach by combining biometric verification, personal identification number (PIN) input, and remote access functionality. The fingerprint module captures and verifies unique biometric data, while the keypad provides an additional layer of PIN-based authentication. Remote access is enabled through WiFi, allowing authorized users to control the locking mechanism via a smartphone or web interface. The system is designed with a focus on cybersecurity, incorporating encrypted communication, secure data handling, and fault-tolerant mechanisms to ensure reliable performance. Testing in a controlled environment confirms the system’s efficiency, accuracy, and usability, demonstrating its potential as a modern, high-security solution for both residential and commercial applications.