Assessment of Mechanical Properties of Kenaf Fiber for Composite Applications: A Review

Abstract

With more emphasis on environmental care and less use of harmful materials, many researchers are turning to biodegradable renewable substances as alternative to synthetic fibers used in composites. Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), in particular, has been widely discussed because it is a rapidly growing annual plant and contains good cellulose (40–60%), has a low density (1.3–1.5 g/cm³) and promising tensile strength (200–800 MPa). This review summarizes existing knowledge about kenaf fibers by considering their plant properties, several fiber extraction methods and important chemicals found in Kenaf (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin). The paper goes over physical and mechanical details such as tensile strength, Young’s modulus, elongation at break, density and moisture absorption and looks into what factors, like environmental ones, could impact them. The review focuses on using Kenaf fibers with various types of polymer matrix composites, talking about both thermo plastic and thermo set matrices, the different methods for preparing the composites and improvement of the composites’ properties. Research compares Kenaf fiber with various natural and synthetic fibers, showing that Kenaf is helpful because it is sustainable, yet its mechanical properties can be lower than those of top synthetics. Some of the difficulties in working with kenaf fibers such as moisture issues, changes in their quality and low thermal tolerance, are discussed. Lastly, key sectors where Kenaf can be used are highlighted in automotive, construction and packaging and several predictions discussing future directions are made, focusing on hybrid composites, innovative surface modifications, using nanocellulose for extraction processes, bio-based compositions and the necessity for appropriate mass production and unification guidelines.